Police Interrogation And False Confessions - 802 Words

Police Interrogation and false confessions can damage an adolescent life if they are innocent. There are several things that the police should always keep in mind when integrating a juvenile, understanding a juvenile brain, make sure parents are present when talking to them, don t let them confess to crimes they did not commit, and make sure they understand about waiving and Attorney. Hypothesis, this paper will cover the high pressure of interrogations and false confessions from the police, and how adolescents are exposed to various interrogations tactics. Example, if an juvenile have confessed to a crime because of being pressured to do so by the police are said to have a higher percentage of being found guilty of the crime. This story will support the hypotheses. Police Interrogations and False Confessions 3 In research regarding juvenile ages 13-17 behavior scientific studies of the brain regions associated with emotional impulses and impulse control conclude that adolescent brains are more active than adults brains in regions controlling aggression and fear, and less active than adult brains in area controlling risk assessment and impulse control regions. (1 ) underdeveloped sense of responsibility, which leads to impulsive and reckless decisions, (2) inability to remove himself from negative influences and vulnerability to such negative influences and pressures, and (3) underdeveloped moralShow MoreRelatedPolice Interrogation And False Confessions1697 Words   |  7 Pages Police Interrogations and False Confessions Introduction Police interrogation is a technique that police have used to gather information from anyone involved with a crime for hundreds of years. Police interrogations can last a few minutes to several hours. The police have a right to continue questioning the suspect until they ask for a lawyer (Kassin, 2013). The suspects’ call for a lawyer is a right under the Miranda Rights. In the process of interrogation, the police are not allowed to use cruelRead MorePolice Tactics And False Confessions1432 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Tactics and False Confessions In recent years, there have been multiple high-profile cases of people being exonerated, often by DNA testing, after giving a false confession to a crime they did not commit. People who often fall into this trap are juveniles or those with a diminished mental capacity (Redlich, 2009). DNA testing has helped many innocent people that gave false confessions be free again. This trend brings up the question of how were they able to give a false confession. UsingRead MoreFalse Confession And Justice Miscarriage : Perspectives And The Truth1678 Words   |  7 PagesFalse Confession to Justice Miscarriage: Perspectives and the Truth For a society that is greatly influenced by Crime Scene Investigation, Criminal Minds and Bones, a confession of the offender is seen as an ultimate checkmate of a case. A confession, especially the ones with detailed account and perfect representation of emotions (Leo, 2008), implies the guilt of the confessor, outweighs the evidences of innocence and stirs the case against the accused (Kassin Wrightsman, 1985). However, notRead MoreFalse Confession : Criminal Minds And Bones1715 Words   |  7 PagesInvestigation, Criminal Minds and Bones, a confession of the offender is seen as an ultimate checkmate of the case because it implies the guilt of the confessor. Thus, a confession, especially the ones with detailed account and perfect representation of emotions (Leo, 2008), outweighs the evidences of innocence and stirs the case against the accused (Kassin Wrightsman, 1985). People believe that they are open-minded about the possibility of false confession but in reality, the public , law enforcersRead MoreTrue Crimes False Confessions1566 Words   |  6 PagesHispanic-American boys were arrested and charged with the crime based solely on the confessions obtained by the police. There was no physical evidence tying any of the boys to the crime. Four of the confessions were videotaped and were later used in court to incriminate the boys. The boys described the crime in gruesome detail and the role that each of them played in the crime. After the arrests, the boys all recanted their confessions, and said that the reason that they felt compelled to confess was becauseRead MoreConfessions By Saul M. Kassin1471 Words   |  6 Pages1.False Confessions by Saul M. Kassin Within the criminal forensic field, there has been a shift in research dealing with DNA exoneration and placing guilt of a crime on the legitimate perpetrator. This scholarly article outlines the implications of DNA exoneration and false confessions, specifically the methods that are used to coerce an individual into confessing falsely. The risk factors for a false confession that are discussed include; interrogation technique such as lengthy sessions, presentationsRead MoreA Case About A Female Jogger1386 Words   |  6 Pageswho was raped, horrendously beaten, and left abandoned in the park. The female jogger survived, but lost her memory regarding the event. Police found five boys who were apparently being wild in the park. They were convicted of the crime, even though there was no physical evidence of them committing the crime. Four of the boys were videotaped for the interrogation. All of them confessed to committing the crime in shocking detail and were sentenced to prison. Thirteen years later, a man named MatiasRead MoreThere are several reasons to why people falsely confess to crimes. This will include different1500 Words   |  6 Pagesoverzealous prosecutor who refuses to accept that the confession does not march the facts of the case and many reasons. Through history we understand that a confession was treated as a conviction. The use of physical torture was very rampant and was used as a means to extract confessions, and at that time all confessions were routinely admitted into evidence without question. However, gradually over the centuries, the status of confessions in the legal system shifted from the courts’ limiting theRead MoreAn Article About A Murder Trial1097 Words   |  5 PagesImagine Sergeant John Hopkins of the Ontario Provincial Police has just called you in for an interrogation. Knowing that you did not commit a crime, you enter the isolated and boring interrogation room. Now stuck in a room being completely bombarded by questions and accusations, thinking that hopefully someone could see what was happening to you inside this room. They keep you their for six hours, tired both physically and mentally exhausted. All you can think of, to get out of this situation, isRead MoreIs The Reid Technique The Best So lution?1710 Words   |  7 PagesA confession is one of the strongest forms of evidence that can be brought into a court of law. In the United States criminal justice system, prosecutors quickly and swiftly seek confessions as they are the most persuasive evidence to win cases. Interrogations are conducted by law enforcement officials in an effort to seek confessions and develop details about crimes.Communication is key to the art of interrogation. Detectives sometimes end up with false confessions from innocent suspects by using

South Park as Parody of Society Essay - 1399 Words

South Park as Parody of Society South Park began airing in 1997. The commercials that preceded it gave the impression of it being another stupid cartoon; however, when I began watching, I realized important issues were being covered through the repeated behaviors and actions of its characters, through the influences these actions could have on the viewers, through the reinforcement and rejections of certain stereotypes, through the long-term effects that could result from watching the program, and through its reflection of social reality. Some of the repeated behaviors and actions of the characters include one of the children (Kenny) dying during each episode (followed by Stan yelling, Oh, my God! Theyve killed Kenny (South†¦show more content†¦There are both negative and positive influences these repeated behaviors and actions could have on an audience. One negative effect could be the numbing of the viewer to childrens deaths: it is such a common occurrence on the show until it is expected. Another effect could be the instilling of negative feelings toward the overweight; the audience could be learning that it is acceptable to verbally attack a person with a weight problem. Also, in a time of AIDS, promotion of sexual promiscuity is a dangerous thing: never have the writers mentioned the use of condoms by Chef during his encounters. Finally, because of the recent advances in genetic research and its awakening of new fears in the public, South Parks parody of the geneticist could further play on peoples fear s. Despite the potentially negative influences of these behaviors and actions, there could be a positive influence existing in the form of catharsis. American society has suffered from the rules of political correctness, the fear of AIDS, and the fear of knowledge (the fear of going too far into Gods domain--thanks to our Puritanical background). Maybe South Park gives us release from repression by allowing us to laugh at the things we fear the most: death, ridicule of our differences by our peers, the contracting of deadly diseases, and advancements in science. (I am sure that most of us need release from the built-up tensions of daily life; SouthShow MoreRelatedImmigration : The Ongoing Question1419 Words   |  6 PagesStates and therefore all of them should be deported. Using Juvenalian and Horatian satire, satirists poke fun of illegal immigration through the satirical devices of parody, irony, and exaggeration in order to bring light to this very important issue facing the United States of America. One example of the use of Juvenalian satire and parody bringing light to illegal immigration can be seen in Daniel L.’s satirical work. In this work, Daniel L. states that the way to end the detrimental effects of illegalRead MoreWhite Privilege And Black Privilege1529 Words   |  7 PagesMany Caucasians do not realize that they possess white privilege, while people of color do. White privilege has been around ever since society had considered â€Å"white† as the dominant race. White privilege is unfamiliar to many people because it is the inconspicuous elements white people take for granted. For example, Caucasians are forty percent more likely to receive a private scholarship than POCs (people of color); they also have a sixty-seven percent lower incarceration rate and are ten timesRead MoreMedia Influences The People Who Watch It Or Are People Influencing The Media?891 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia influencing the people who watch it or are people influencing the me dia? One such show challenges both those questions and its South Park. South Park is a show that parodies absolutely everything that goes on in popular culture and the world. The show is about four young boys that deal with bizarre and outragues or even disturbing events in their town of South Park. The show may look like a cartoon but the show itself is NSFW and those easily disturbed or offended will not enjoy the show what’sRead MoreSouth Park s Success And Power1804 Words   |  8 PagesThesis: South Park’s success and power is due to the rich satire, parody, and mockery that it uses to take aim at contemporary culture and values. South Park’s Satire and Parody South Park began in August of 1997 much like any other offensive cartoon; pushing the limits of acceptable television to gain an audience. In its early stages, the show was infamous for its wickedly crude humor and swear words, and it appeared that it would go the way of many shows before it who simply had their periodRead MoreContemporary Rhetoric Test # 11364 Words   |  6 Pagesrhetorical function of the parody? Concept #1= Satire Concept #2= Ideology Concept #3= Irony Before going into detail on what each concept means and what relationship it has in us understanding the rhetorical fundamental of parody, it would be nice to know what Parody is and where it originated. Originally, parodies appeared in Ancient Greek literature, and consisted of poems that imitated in a disrespectful manner the contents, and forms proposed by other poems. Parodies are fed of elements takenRead MoreIn this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history, South Park. He discusses how South Park even though seems simple it is a very thoughtful program on television that discusses many social issues. The creators of South Park, Trey Parker and Matt Stone created a social and political commentary that has been the most successful in television history. Cogan discusses how South Park is a commentary on American culture tha t is focused around controversial issues. TheRead MoreMonty Python and the Holy Grail Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesPython and the Holy Grail A British Parody By: Norwin Adarve Monty Python and the Holy Grail has been a comic success in the film industry for almost four decades. The main reason for its success is because the jokes have kept the audience laughing whether they watched it in 1975 or just saw the comedy for the first time yesterday. Monty Python and the Holy Grail would fall under two categories of comedy, a satire and a parody. In contemporary usage, a parody is a work that imitates another workRead MoreCensoring South Park2061 Words   |  9 Pagesconstantly today. In South Park’s situation, the writers use logic and evidence to express their opinions on controversial issues, and people think that it should be censored. Just because the show uses morally questionable techniques, does not mean that it is useless. In fact, South Park has taught people a lot; it changes our point of view and encourages us to think deeply about the issues at hand while simultaneously making us laugh. For people unfamiliar with South Park, it is an ani mated comedyRead More Excessive Political Correctness Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pageswell. These obvious attempts at political correctness do not go unnoticed. The cartoon â€Å"South Park† parodies the concept with their character aptly named â€Å"Token Black† who is exactly that—a token minority character, inserted into the story line for the sole purpose of forced racial integration. Token (pictured to the right) is the only Black child character on the show, with the only other minority in South Park being Kevin, a Chinese boy who rarely speaks. Assuming corporations realize that racialRead MoreEssay on Controversy Behind South Parks Ethics2585 Words   |  11 PagesControversy Behind South Parks Ethics South Park, the animated TV series aired on Comedy Central was created by Matt Stone and Trey Parker and is one of the many new shows that involve animation with high-level adult comedy that parodies current events going on across the United States and throughout the world. South Park is just one of many new shows that involve this sort of high end entertainment and they are taking the television ratings by storm. This show, along with others of its nature

Founding Fathers free essay sample

Founding Fathers Just wonder what they would say if our founding fathers saw the world of today. Houses, cars, and others are all different from when the founding fathers lived. Benjamin Franklin would be surprised with all of the electricity used, George Washington would be honored to have his last name as the capital of the LOST, and Thomas Jefferson would look at the clocks of today and think what happened over the years. Founding Fathers would be surprised of the new world. George Washington was our first president. If he would be in the world today, would he be happy or disappointed of our government?Just think women can vote now, but couldnt vote back then. It is a big change in our history. If I were George Washington I would be very amazed that women could vote. George Washington was our first president if he were the president now would he make the right to vote for women? Looking back then and today was George Washington a better president than the ones we have today? George Washington was our first president what would he think. We will write a custom essay sample on Founding Fathers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Benjamin Franklin Is a very Important Founding Fathers because he Invented electricity. I think Benjamin Franklin would be amazed with all the electricity we use today. Back then Benjamin Franklin had electricity but not as much as we have. Would he be amazed or feel normal about all of the electricity we use today? Would he say I dont want to pay for all the electricity. I think he would be kind of angry that we would have to pay for the electricity. If Benjamin Franklin were here seeing all of the electricity what would he say? Thomas Jefferson was our president, he established the religious freedom, and was also the founder of University of Virginia.Him being our third president would he think the same things as George Washington or think differently about or government? I would think the same as George Washington, but kind of disagree with him. Would he be a better president today than back then? He would have been a great president now than he was back then and he would-be been making better choices. Would Jefferson make the same choices as George Washington? Our Founding Fathers would be very Interested and amazed of our world today. Imagine them being our presidents now. I think that they would be excellent in our world today.

The War Between The Classes Essays - Armbands,

The War Between The Classes The War Between the Classes By (Your Name Here) The War Between the Classes is an excellent book written by Gloria D. Miklowitz. It is about a high-school class that plays the ?Color Game?. In the game, there are four social classes which are represented by armbands: Blues ? highest, richest; Dark Greens ? upper-middle class, semi-rich; Light Greens ? lower-middle class, semi-poor; Oranges ? lowest class, very poor. To further split up the classes, there are the superior sex, Teks(females), and the inferior sex, No-Teks(males). There are also groups of Color Game ?policemen?, which are older students who played the game in previous years. They record the students' activities, and record any good or bad behavior, which can result in demotions or promotions. The Color Game runs like this: Lower classes, or No-Teks, must bow when they meet eyes with a higher class, or Tek. Higher classes can give orders to lower classes. Lower classes may not speak to a higher class unless spoken to, and can only reply in a short answer. You must have your armband and journal with you at all times. The main character in this book is Emiko ?Amy? Sumoto. She comes from a Japanese family, and her parents believe she should keep the family going by marrying a Japanese boy. Instead, she is interested in a rich, white boy names Adam, which is the opposite of her. In the Color Game, all the Latinos in the class turn out to be high colors, and rich whites end up as lower colors, which are all planned out by their teacher. Although she is used to being treated as a lower person in real life, along with the rest of the Latinos, she doesn't feel right with the power she has, being one of the most powerful people in the class. She decides to try and unite all the colors to an equal rank. After being demoted from Blue to Orange with Adam, she plans to post ?Unite All Colors? posters all over the school, and make quad-colro armbands for all students to wear. Finally she succeeds in doing this, and unites the whole school as one. My favorite part of this book is when Amy and her friend Juan sneak into the school at night and post the posters all over the school. I like this part because it sounds very fun to do, and it's the only actual action part or the book. I would definitely recommend this book to a friend, although most of my friends are reading it right now. I would recommend it because it acts as a very good teacher about stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Plus, it is shown through the eyes of a person who is almost at the bottom of the social classes, and is the same age as we will be in a few years. It shows what life when you're older can really be like. Bibliography The War Between the Classes, Gloria D. Miklowitz

buy custom The History of Computer Music essay

buy custom The History of Computer Music essay Lannis Xenakis was born in May 1922 in Braila, Romania. His parents returned to Greece in 1932, where he studied engineering and architecture in Athens. He participated in wartime resistance during the World War II as a member of the students body in 1940s. He sustained serious face injuries during the war that resulted to loss of eyesight in one of his eyes. Xenakis was denounced as a communist after the war for his involvement and was sentenced to death. Fearing for his life, he fled to Greece in 1947 under a false passport and joined Le Corbusiers architectural team in Paris (Varga, 1997, pp 14-21). Xenakis later studied music composition in Paris with Olivier Messiaen, Darius Milhaud and Arthur Honegger. His greatest contribution to music was pioneering electronic and computer music, and his stochastic mathematical and architectural techniques in his music, such as probability, game theory, Boolean algebra and group theory. In 1962, Xenakis published Musique Formelles, which was later revised, expanded and translated in to formalized music. In 1966, he founded the Center for Automatic and Mathematical Music in Paris and also set up a similar center in Indiana University. In 1971, he composed Thought and Mathematics, a collection of essays on his ideas, music and composition techniques. He also delivered free public lectures at Gresham College in London from 1975 to 1978, where he was professor of music. Dr. Dre Andre Romelle Young was born in February 1965 in Compton, California and is mostly known by his stage name Dr. Dre. He is an American rap artist, record producer, entrepreneur and occasional actor. His academic performance was poor in high school, which made him shift his focus into music and entertainment. He began his DJ career in high school, and in 1982, he formed World Class Wreckin Cru. The crew first released its first independent album in 1982 (Beckman and Adler, 1991). He graduated from high school in 1983 and refused to work in another field. He left wreckin Cru in 1984 and later joined N.W.A. in 1985, where he released three albums. The group produced eight records for Ruthless records. Their group was surrounded by controversy, and they believed it only assisted them to sell. The controversy brought them a lot of attention and Dre left Ruthless later in 1991 (Kenyatta, 2001, pp 34-45). Dre co-founded Death Rows Records in 1991 with Suge Knight. His career as a rap artist continued to succeed, and he got into music video business behind the scenes. He got into serious trouble with police severally during this period and even got arrested on assault charges. In 1994, he got into serious trouble and since he had broken his 1993 probation, he received an eight-month jail term. Dre left Death Row after feeling distracted from his music due to the constant trouble the group got involved in occasionally (Kenyatta, 2001, p 78). Xenakis Music The musical materials of Iannis Xenakis draw their inspiration from ancient music and architecture and his landscape is emotionally shaded by his turbulent past experiences. According to him, Metastasis was inspired by the impressions gained during the Greek Nazi War, but not by music. He influenced music as a composer by using past times, as explained by his sentiments on living in the 20th century. He also demonstrated strong interest in mathematical and formal procedures in music. He embraced the technological and scientific advances of his times and introduced many related ideas in his works. His contribution in electro acoustic music was an important step towards a thorough investigation of various possibilities in the composition of music. According to Varga (1997, p 112), Xenakis wanted to create a new form of abstract art using light and sound spectacles in which the visual and the musical part would be organized with the application of common notions and techniques. Xenakis delivered his experience in the composition of music and mathematics in organizing and controlling the whole spectacle. According to Xenakis (1992, p 182), Composing with sounds for the ear leads us to compose with light for the eyes. The laser beam and the electronic flash are the equivalents of beautiful sounds. To make them gleam in space is to create music for the eyes The music for the eyes is created with concepts and procedures stemming from musical composition. Xenakis began interrelating issues he encountered in architecture to music composition, since his arrival in Paris when he was working in association with Le Corbusier. His common approach to architecture and music can be seen in the design of the Philips Pavilion in 1958. He used ideas and solutions he applied in the orchestral composition, Metastasis. The use of paraboloids and the form of the Pavilion originated from the surfaces that formed the string glissandi of Metastasis (Xenakis, 1992, p 10). He observed the similarities between the architectural and musical space, and saw the multidimensional character of music instead of the three-dimensional character of architecture. This attitude led him to organize the audio and visual part of the Plytopes, where he handled sound and light as architectural elements. Statistics Xenakis found many natural events attractive, such as the waves crashing on the cliffs. He observed that the sound consists of many individual sounds perceived as one unified sound. He sought to analyze these natural events and utilize them in the compositional process. Modern Physics Xenakis delivered new physics ideas in his musical composition. He introduced in his music concepts such s the theory of relativity by Lorenz- Fitzerald and the theory of quantum mechanics by Max Planck (Xenakis, 1992, pp 255-67). Stochastic Music Xenakis named his music Stochastic from utilizing statistical methods in his compositions. He felt a need to introduce scientific ideas and mathematics into composition. Xenakis first used mathematical processes in Pithoprakta (1955-56) for string orchestra, where certain passages contain particular linear glissandi with a distinct part for every player, with equal numbers of glissandi heading upwards in pitch as downwards at a given time instant, and the speeds of glissandi following a normal distribution. Pitches are treated as particles in this way, with the speed of the glissandi representing their temperature and their direction movement, and these demonstrations appeared in Metastasis. However, mathematics is only employed in isolation (Varga, 1997, p 98). According to Salbert (1997, 37), Xenakis seemed to have replaced the concept of rhythm with density. He then developed this idea in Achorripsis (1956-57), where musical sounds are arranged into various timbres and the frequency in which they occur and the density of sounds at a given instant are subjected to a Poisson distribution. The composition is into time bands of equal length in order to make the calculations possible, the outcome of which is to divide the music into cells. Xenakis then applied the working of Pithoprakta within each string of glissando cell, the sonic density being the square of the mean speed of glissandi. Griffiths (1978, pp 19-30) also shares this view, proposing that the composer was interested in the concept of minimal constraints in music. Stochastic procedures have the capacity to carry a lot of data as was the case of Xenakis cloud of sounds. Eletroacoustic Music Xenakis was influenced to get involved with the electronic medium by the work of the French composer Edgard Varese and the experiments on sound and philosophy of Italian futurism. He officially composed sixteen electro acoustic works between 1957 and 1994 (Salabert, 1997, p 29). His works can be classified into three categories that also define the three periods in his compositional career (Solomos Hoffman, 1998, pp 53-69). Between 1955 and 1977, Xenakis applied tape manipulation techniques to his electro acoustic music and used both concrete and synthesized sounds. In the second period, between 1978 and 1989, he utilized the UPIC system developed in CEMAMu. During this period, he composed four works with the UPIC system. The third period is defined by the utilization of the GENDY program, which he used to investigate stochastic waveform synthesis. He used this program to compose two works. Xenakis applied various techniques mainly tape-machine manipulations. The character of sound is altered by tape speed changes, raising or lowering pitch. Using a slider or a keyboard, he could experiment with controlling the tape speed. By making use of these equipment, he could control the tape play back in real-time by applying discrete, pre-adjusted speed changes similar to the keyboard or continuous speed changes just like in a slider. The composer could also alter the character of the sound by playing the tape backwards, where the sound could be heard in reverse. The composer used group theory in the passages to structure his materials, as is the case in Tetora, which he did in 1990 using the theory in conjunction with his sieve theory (Varga, 1997, p 42). In Duel and Linaia-Agon, game theory is used to play a set of textures. He employed set theory in Herma (1961) to generate musical material. Xenakis later proposed the use of computer in sound synthesis conceptually based on granular synthesis and the theories of quantum mechanics by Planck and Albert. Granular synthesis is based on the discontinuous nature of the hearing system. The UPIC System UPC is a computer based music composition and sound production system. The UPIC system is made up of a real-time unit, which handles sound synthesis and playback, a host computer and an optional digital graphic board. The various aspects of a composition are described using graphical notation. The graphical tablet or a computer mouse can help in describing music from its tiniest micro level detail to its whole structure (Solomos Hoffman, 1998, pp 19-23). Using this system, the user can graphically describe all the levels of the music with the aid of an electronic tablet and listen to the outcome in real-time. It was developed at CEMAMu, and has been used by many composers in their work. Xenakis used the system in composing four electro acoustic works, one4 being Xenakis Mycenae Alpha in 1978, a result of light and sound spectacle using the UPIC system at CEMAMu. The music was first performed in Mycenae, Greece. The system derived from his architectural background as well as from the needs of his compositions, its conceptual basis being transferring the graphical description of the music into sound. As a result of his dedicated work towards developing music, Xenakis has not only influenced different composers, but some have also declared a debt to his compositional innovations. Some continue to display an understanding of the various facets of his compositional theories and applications (Solomos Hoffman, 1998, p 75). These include Julio Estrada, Krzyszt of Penderecki and Toru Takemitsu. Though their styles differ widely as well as their master, their music continues to enrich the legacy of Xenakis. Similarities between Xenakis and Dres Music Styles Dr. Dre used sampling in his earlier years in music, whiich is achieved by taking a portion of one song and reusing it in a different song. Musicians working with musique concrete and electro acoustic music originally used it. They physically manipulated tape loops on a polygraph. Sampling was often used with the rise of electronic music in the music industry. It is very similar to the synthesizing technique used by Xenakis. Sampling is done with a sampler, more often a computer program. The use of computers was pioneered by Xenakis and has been used by musicians afterwards like Dre Dre (Schloss, 2004, p 66). Dr. Dres Successes in Music Dr. Dre received a Grammy Award for the best rap solo performance in 1994. By August the same year, the rap albums he had produced had sold close to 28 million copies. Dre joined Jimmy Iovine to form his own label, Aftermath Entertainment. The period between 1996 and 1999 was a drawback, mainly due to the record label differences. However, he strongly came back in 1999 when he joined Eminem in producing The Marshall Mathers LP and he garnered Grammy Awards for the Producer of the Year and Best Performance for the single Forgot About Dre (Kenyatta, 2001, p 36). Dr. Dre released his second solo album 2001 in 1999, which was considered as a great return to his gangsta rap roots. The album was featured in collaboration with many artists including snoop Dogg and Eminem. The album was considered very successful and charted at number two in Billboard 200 charts and has been certified platinum six times since then (Edwards, 2001, par). After the success of 2001, Dre focused on production work for other artists. The co-produced Marshall Mathers LP was landmark and won the Grammy Award for the best album, including the Grammy-winning lead single The Real Slim Shady. The album proved to be the best selling rap album of all time, selling 1.76 million pieces in its first week alone. He also produced several singles for several artists, including Family Affair by Mary Blige, Let Me Blow Ya Mind by Eve and No Doubt by Gwen Stefan. The Aftermath label continued the success trend on the release of Get Rich or Die Tryin, the 2003 major album by Queens, rapper 50 Cent based in New York. Dre co-produced four tracks on the album. He also became the executive producer of Eminems fourth album after joining Aftermath (Edwards, 2001, par). Film Industry Dre made his first appearance on screen in 1996 in the bank robbery movie, Set It Off where he acted as a weapon dealer. He also appeared in the movies Training Day and The Wash and his song Bad Intentions featured in The Wash soundtrack. Dr. Dre got into the film industry feeling that he had directed many music videos and he wanted to get into directing. Dre also produced his brand headphones Beats Dr. Dre in July 2008. Music Styles Dr. Dre uses the Akai MPC3000 as his primary studio, a drum machine and sampler that he uses four or five times to produce a single recording. He prefers to have studio musicians re-play music he verses wants to use, trying to avoid samples. This proves more flexible allowing him to change the pieces in rhythm and tempo (Scholls, 2004, p 49). The other instrument he uses is the E-MU SP-1200 drum machine and keyboards. He also gets other people to play instruments for him and he tells them what he wants, soloing them when he hears something, he particularly likes. Dre worked with producer Mel-Man as a co-producer after founding Aftermath Entertainment and his music became more synthesizer-based sound by using fewer vocal samples. Mel-Man was credited as the key architect of the signature Aftermath sound. Dr. Dre has managed to maintain his astounding performance because he is a perfectionist. Their attributes with Eminen have managed to keep Aftermath a success. He gives a lot of attention to delivery of vocals, and he is known to stop an MC if he doesnt like the output. However, he allows his MCs time to write their lyrics without much supervision unless he needs to offer a conceptual background. Co-Producers and Collaborators Dr. Dre has worked with other collaborators over the years of his work. During his stay at Death Rows, it is believed that he worked with his stepbrother and Daz, though most of their contributions were uncredited. Scott Storch, who is also a successful producer, has been credited severally as a songwriter on several tracks. Ghost Writers Though he retains overall control over his lyrics and the themes of his songs, others write Dr. Dres raps. In the songs he has produced, there is often contribution of many people, as it can be observed from his credits. While he is doing production work, others handle ghostwriting his lyrics. Eminem and Royce 5 9 are some of the artists who have ghostwritten his music. However, he maintained creative control over the content of his verse (Ira, 1991, p 78). He is fairly mainly a conductor rather than a fully fledged producer some of his times. His work has been achieved through team effort and the fact that he is humble to credits others has made him more successful. Dr. Dre earned about US$52 million after selling part of his share of Aftermath Entertainment to Interscope records and production of some of his hit songs such as Family Affair by Mary Blige. He was thus named the second highest paid artist of the year. Dr. Dre has continued to succeed from his music, both monetary and respect wise, especially after establishing Aftermath entertainment. He has gone on to win many awards and recognition and remains one of the most respected musicians in the modern music industry. Buy custom The History of Computer Music essay

Les Sens †Senses in French

Les Sens - Senses in French Whenever youre learning a new language, learning the words relating to sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste are some of the first words youll want to know to be able to make conversation. The Five Senses - Les Cinq Sens Sight - la vue, la vision To look (at) - regarder To see - voir Visual (adj) - visuel Eye - un Å“il, eyes - les yeux    Hearing - louà ¯e (fem) To listen (to) - à ©couter To hear - entendre Aural (adj) - oral Ear - une oreille    Taste - le goà »t To taste (actively) - goà »ter To taste (passively) - sentir (le goà »t de) Gustatory (adj) - gustatif Tongue - la langue    Smell - lodorat (masc) To smell (actively: to sniff) - renifler To smell (passively) - sentir Olfactory (adj) - olfactif Nose - le nez    Touch - le toucher To touch - toucher To feel - sentir Tactile (adj) - tactile Hand - la main, skin - la peau The Sixth Sense - Le Sixià ¨me Sens ESP/extrasensory perception - la perception extrasensorielle Clairvoyance - la voyance, le don de double vue Psychic (adj) - tà ©là ©pathe Psychic (noun) - un mà ©dium, un(e) tà ©là ©pathe

Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Samsung - Essay Example Samsung has correspondingly authenticated strategic approaches in its management that include partnership, talent and creativity. Samsung is thrilled concerning the future (Tae, 2012). As Samsung work up on previous achievements, it anticipates exploring fresh territories including medicine, biotechnology and health. Samsung is dedicated in being an inventive leader in fresh markets and turning into a No. 1 corporation going forward. This paper will describe Samsung’s environmental scanning, political environment, monetary environment, economic environment and legal environment. Samsung has strengthened its present prominent environmental scanning structure by assigning monitors for data in each business unit and by launching a managing information system for gathering and distributing information. Although. Samsung has entrusted some managerial decision attainment to its subdivisions, the head office is consolidating its control on tactical decisions (Woyke, 2011). The head o ffice is comprised of more 200 elite directors to oversee the group corporations. Samsung has augmented a three-year formulating structure to its current five-year planning structure to deal with the fast varying environment. Samsung draws up budget annually, but takes on a whole re-budget every six months (Rosenblatt, 2012). Severe recession together with an augmented challenge from underdeveloped nations has had an impact on electronics consumption. To create quality merchandises, Samsung is taking up a striving technology development approach. It has amplified research and growth investment. Samsung has established more fresh research centers in the Japan, China, U.S., and Germany to cultivate and obtain innovative technology (Woyke, 2011). With the surfacing of economic blocs, tariff barriers have augmented in developed countries. Most Samsung electronics merchandises have encountered trade hurdles, for instance, anti-dumping quotas and lawsuits. In some circumstances, hefty imp ort levies have been enforced and overseas venture has been exposed to local content procedures. Initially, according to Samsung’s website, Samsung constituted of four corporate groups (semiconductors, consumer electronics, information systems and telecommunications) and every corporate unit had its particular functional staff and president. In 1992, a prominent restructuring combined those four into one faction (Woyke, 2011). Currently one president together with one array of functional subdivisions runs Samsung. Similarly, the organization of overseas undertakings transformed from a worldwide division to merchandise sectors. Before reorganization, all the foreign subsidiaries were coordinated by a global corporate head office. Nowadays the appropriate product division controls the manufacturing affiliates, while the foreign corporate head office coordinates and supports foreign operations (Pang, 2012). Although the Samsung’s organization is not a wholesome form of wo rldwide product sector, the function of product factions is reinforced and the directors of product factions bear much more resolution authority than before (Woyke, 2011). Lately, Samsung's achievement within the tablet PC and smartphone segments has been faced by legal brawls with its chief rival, Apple. The two corporations have filed lawsuits

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Ambulance Paramedics - Essay Example Critical incident stress debriefing is an intervention that is purposed to promote the effective processing of distressing events through normalization of reactions and preparation for anticipated future experiences (Feder, 2008). There is a treatment that is designed to take care of the emergency service personnel who could attend the critical incident session voluntarily or when instructed by a superior. The main aim of the review that was conducted was to identify literature that is related to interventions aimed at preventing and treating the disorder. Though emergency work is rewarding, the emergency personnel are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress in long term and short term. This is because they are supposed to deal with potentially traumatizing circumstances. Some of the distressing situations include: mass incidents, major fires, burns patients, murder scenes, violent scenes, accident involving children, cot death and many others (Frieman, 2003). It is clear that emergency medical technicians are at higher risk of stress compared to other medical professionals and fire-fighters; they normally get involved in disasters and may be at high risk of severe stress disorder, which can lead to post-traumatic stress. ... Various research methods were used in this review and it is clear that, various databases were performed and research strategy made as wide as possible. These research methods included hand searching for journals, internet searching, keywords to search online database among others. The research that was done showed that the mass disasters are the major contributors of stress and that emergency workers are always the victims of this disorder (Feder, 2008). Medical study was carried to evaluate the risks of stress and to summarise the methodological limitations of the conducted research. The limitations found include: varying degree of trauma, small sample size and lack of uniformity, low response rate, sampling bias, non-prospective studies, no control group and timing variance. The researchers concluded that, it was not possible to fully determine the effectiveness of critical incident stress and it was cautious to conduct a proper evaluation. A recent review recommended that research should be on psychological debriefing of emergency attendance as a main concern for the study. According to Brewin (2005), methodological matters concern with determination of the level of psychological impairment after a disastrous incident. The methodological issues include: comparability issues and dimensions of disaster. The discussion of these issues was done, including the need to precisely define the study cases and population. Some researchers were concerned with the interpretation of questionnaire and the interview results; these can give different psychopathological estimates. Moreover, the type of data that was collected varies broadly and this leads to problems of generalisation of results. The aspect of

A review of my personal crime prevention strategy Essay Example for Free

A review of my personal crime prevention strategy Essay My idea for the preventative crime strategy is â€Å"soft drug† education. In many European countries, softer alcohols like wine and beer are not policed as strongly as hard liquor. The idea behind this began in Germany when alcoholism was beginning to become more and more prevalent. Said problem was thought to be solved if alcohol was introduced differently. To be introduced to the family or at a younger age, as less of a risky or dangerous or rebellious thing. This has led to a drop in alcoholism as these drinks are normalized from a young age. In turn, the United States school system has, for decades, been using the D.A.R.E. program but this has been shown not to actually work. It uses fear mongering and essentially educating students that if they were to come in contact with marijuana, they would die. This does not, has not, and will continue not to work. My idea is to create a strategy of soft drug education. This means treating marijuana, though schedule 1, as a weak or even purely/mostly medical drug instead of a dangerous gateway to amphetamines or heroin. So by removing the stigma of being a gateway, I hope to remove it from actually becoming one. Marijuana education would be taught differently; especially as decriminalization and legalization continue throughout the country in various stages. As of now, it is schedule 1, which means it has no medical properties. Currently, even cocaine is ranked as schedule 2, meaning it can be used in some medical scenarios. Marijuana is also often spoken of as a starter drug or gateway drug. An idea that began as simply an idea, but recently has become more of a reality. Drug dealers lacing the marijuana with addictive drugs, or mental addiction, even with people just chasing the high. But a new education could reframe the plant. This would be done so the young people coming in contact with it know what it does, what it looks like, and how it feels. Lying about drugs no longer works in a digital age. A heroin addict I once spoke to talked about how no one ever said how good drugs could feel, so if they lied about that and lied about weed killing you, why not keep trying? The gateway effect was not due to him wanting to try more drugs just to try more drugs. He had felt that if marijuana had not been this addictive and deadly substance, the other dangerous drugs would not be either. The lie itself led him to those harder drugs. So essentially institute a normalization effect on marijuana. Remove the idea that it is a narcotic. The best-case scenario would be for it to be seen as a medical drug first. Similar to Tylenol or cough syrup, a drug that is purely medical in the eyes of the public, first. The first way to go about it would be getting to the smokers first. Many times children will pick up a tobacco habit before marijuana and thus before hard drugs. So the first step would be printing medical information on cigarette cartons. More and more, tobacco companies have to put the cancer-addled pictures on the cartons, and though it is meant to be a deterrent from smoking, most smokers probably just don’t look at it. This is instituted by the Surgeon General and thus cannot be fought by the tobacco companies. So putting medical facts and statistics would lead a wandering eye to see benefits of what they may have previously heard is a dangerous drug. From here, there would need to be the differentiation between marijuana and harder drugs sucks as heroin, methamphetamine, and LSD. Those listed previously are all scheduled as narcotic only with zero medical use whatsoever. Again, cocaine is listed as safer than marijuana. So it is first important to work on changing this v iew. This could occur by interlacing the failing scare tactics with the benefits of marijuana. Many shops exist countrywide, and even on South Street here in Philadelphia where â€Å"tobacco paraphernalia† are sold. So in those places make ads that may push marijuana and tobacco but put down hard drugs. Along the lines of â€Å"When you snort cocaine your heart explodes, when you smoke weed you get hungry.† Different things similar to these. This along with the D.E.A. (Drug Enforcement Administration) rescheduling, the adult/population-wide feeling against the plant could begin to lift. If various states are legalizing and/or decriminalizing, along with the national government says it is less risky, people would be more open-minded. The most important push, however, would be the medicalization side. The best way to remove a stigma, to remove a dark side of something, is to make it beneficial. The inverse of this was seen with the medicine Sudafed. It was pulled from shelves when it became public knowledge that the drug could easily be used to manufacture forms of methamphetamine. Marijuana has already begun to be shown as a medicine. The drug has been used for soldiers to relieve post-traumatic stress disorder, with chemotherapy patients it increases appetite, in various illnesses such as arthritis it stops inflammation. Marijuana already has shown the potential in many ways to be a medicine. A cheap, easy to create, strong, and it has multiple uses, drug. If it were to be rescheduled and pushed publicly, in news or music or shows, as less of a narcotic and more of a medication, the stigma would fall away. This relates to community crime prevention in many ways. The first idea of which is the connection to the basics needed to commit a crime; a place, a person to commit the crime, and a crime itself. Even without a straightforward target, if the drug is no longer seen as a drug then the target is hardened. It is more difficult to see a legal, medical, plant as a dangerous and rebellious activity. This also falls into social disorganization theory, if marijuana is medical and harder drugs fall away, then the usage of marijuana could be seen as a norm in communities similar to tobacco use or over the counter pain killers; drug culture would begin to fall away and thus rougher communities could come together more against the harder drugs. A generation bypassing heroin use would more easily be able to push out the heroin dealers. So not only would the soft drug education lead to fewer people using the harder, more deadly drugs, but it could lead to communities pushing harder and more openl y against drug dealing. (As a side note: those who dealt/grew marijuana would easily be able to ascertain occupations in the then-legal marijuana growing industry, thus a legitimate job would prevent them from dealing other illicit drugs). As well as with fewer drug dealers present in neighborhoods, violence would drop dramatically. No more people violently high on cocaine or PCP or other â€Å"uppers† as well as no more drug-based robberies. Many drug dealers are robbed because they are seen as sources of money; so either they get robbed or often times they will carry firearms and shoot their robbers. Either way, there would potentially be a drop. As well as the growth of marijuana by those who have (though illegally) been doing it for years could show to be lucrative and make low-economic-class areas into self-made enterprise zones. As discussed in class, there must be an audience to market these ideas too as well. There are two main audiences: those who are 40 years old or older, those 12 and younger. The older crowd in order to push the idea that marijuana is not harmful, the younger in order to push that it is â€Å"really a medicine† and to keep pushing for other drugs being dangerous. As the FBI and ATF speakers also spoke about, the Hobbes Act is extremely important. But the ATF speaker brought up a strong point: marijuana can be grown anywhere hydroponically. It is currently not a Hobbes Act infringement because it cannot be traced. To tie in with my idea before, if Pennsylvania were to follow through with any of these ideas, then marijuana is no longer a drug and thus any/all sales of illicit drugs become federal crimes. There is nothing scarier than saying â€Å"ALL _____ CRIMES ARE FEDERAL CRIMES† and this would push drug sales into that category. The soft drug education has multiple parts. The rescheduling of marijuana, the bettered education and allowance of use, and the final step to make it publically seen as more of a medicine than a drug to get high off of. Especially since the indicia strain of marijuana (as opposed to sativa) mostly works with treating pain, hunger, insomnia, stress, anxiety, inflammation, and other medical ailments with less of a physical â€Å"high† from the drug.   With the proper pushing to legalize then re-educate the masses, hard drug use would drop dramatically. The main purpose is not only to allow for a medication to be used by the medical community but if this works it should prevent the gateway effect. Within a generation, a large-scale drop in heroin, LSD, cocaine (crack and powder), Mescaline, ecstasy, and all other truly dangerous schedules 1 drugs. That is my crime prevention strategy. Prevent the gateway effect and thus prevent a generation of drug crimes or drug-related crimes (such as in Goldkamp’s trichotomy) on a massive scale.

Paul Cronan :: Essays Papers

Paul Cronan Paul Cronan Case This case involves a corporate response to AIDS in the workplace. The return to work of Paul Cronan, a person with AIDS, after a much publicized law suit, led to a walkout of his coworkers. This case documents the circumstances which preceded the work stoppage. Analyzing this case from Paul Cronan’s supervisors point of view there are three main ethical issues to be considered: duty to protect the interests of the company, New England Telephone (NET); obligation to maintain the rights of the other employees; and duty to provide for the safety and privacy of Paul Cronan. There are ample examples throughout the reading to support identification of these three issues. It is evident that there is substantial interaction between Cronan and his supervisors in the early stages of his illness. Cronan contacted his first boss, Charlie O’Brian, asking for permission to leave work for a doctors appointment on three occasions. Cronan disclosed his illness to O’Brian on the third attempt to leave early from work. On his return to work he was instructed by his boss to see the company doctor. Later he contacted O’Brian, asking to be put on medical leave. Months later when he was well enough to return to work he contacted his new supervisor, Richard Griffin, who informed him that he needed a medical release to return to his job. He also asked Griffin for a transfer to a less volatile environment. These examples prove that the two men were Paul Cronan’s supervisors and thus had to be concerned for the safety and well being of Cronan. There is evidence to support that there were other employees in Cronan’s department. When his illness was revealed co-workers purportedly threatened to lynch him if he returned. Later it was reported that damaging graffiti had been written on the bathroom stalls. On his return to work after the legal settlement he was treated like a leper by fellow employees. That same day, several co-workers filed a grievance with the local union protesting his re-instatement. The next day the workers walked off the job to reduce their contact with Cronan. Later several employees spoke of their fear of the disease and discomfort with Cronan. These examples prove that there were other employees in the department and thus the supervisors had to see that their rights were upheld, also. Next, it is evident that the supervisors were agents of the company. Paul Cronan :: Essays Papers Paul Cronan Paul Cronan Case This case involves a corporate response to AIDS in the workplace. The return to work of Paul Cronan, a person with AIDS, after a much publicized law suit, led to a walkout of his coworkers. This case documents the circumstances which preceded the work stoppage. Analyzing this case from Paul Cronan’s supervisors point of view there are three main ethical issues to be considered: duty to protect the interests of the company, New England Telephone (NET); obligation to maintain the rights of the other employees; and duty to provide for the safety and privacy of Paul Cronan. There are ample examples throughout the reading to support identification of these three issues. It is evident that there is substantial interaction between Cronan and his supervisors in the early stages of his illness. Cronan contacted his first boss, Charlie O’Brian, asking for permission to leave work for a doctors appointment on three occasions. Cronan disclosed his illness to O’Brian on the third attempt to leave early from work. On his return to work he was instructed by his boss to see the company doctor. Later he contacted O’Brian, asking to be put on medical leave. Months later when he was well enough to return to work he contacted his new supervisor, Richard Griffin, who informed him that he needed a medical release to return to his job. He also asked Griffin for a transfer to a less volatile environment. These examples prove that the two men were Paul Cronan’s supervisors and thus had to be concerned for the safety and well being of Cronan. There is evidence to support that there were other employees in Cronan’s department. When his illness was revealed co-workers purportedly threatened to lynch him if he returned. Later it was reported that damaging graffiti had been written on the bathroom stalls. On his return to work after the legal settlement he was treated like a leper by fellow employees. That same day, several co-workers filed a grievance with the local union protesting his re-instatement. The next day the workers walked off the job to reduce their contact with Cronan. Later several employees spoke of their fear of the disease and discomfort with Cronan. These examples prove that there were other employees in the department and thus the supervisors had to see that their rights were upheld, also. Next, it is evident that the supervisors were agents of the company.

Book Report: Shiver Essay

* Samuel Roth – Wolf boy, Grace’s love interest * Grace Brisbane – High school girl who was attacked by Sam’s pack as a young girl, has a strange Obsession with wolves and Sam’s love interest * Olivia – Grace’s Best friend, Bitten by a wolf & decides to turn and spend her life as a wolf * Isabel Culpeper – Jack’s sister, became their friend and keeps their secrets of being a wolf * Jack Culpeper- Turned into a wolf by Sam’s pack. Believed to be dead but keeps contact with his sister and jeopardizes the pack. * Geoffrey Beck – The human pack leader, Sam’s stepfather SUMMARY: For years, Grace has watched the wolves in the woods behind her house. One yellow eyed wolf is the one she can’t seem to live without. Meanwhile, Sam has lived two lives: In winter, the frozen woods, the protection of the pack, and the silent company of a fearless girl. In summer, a few precious months of being human, until the cold makes him shift back again. They met in a very unpredictable way, and knew that Sam was a wolf and used to be Grace’s wolf and Grace was Sam’s summer girl. They’re relationship was sealed by a kiss. They we’re inseparable. But as winter nears, Sam must fight to stay human or risk losing himself, and Grace, forever. At the end of the first story, Jack died after trying some cure, Olivia decided to be a wolf and Beck had his last year of experiencing humanity. But most of all, Sam shifted back to being a wolf and Grace was left alone and was accompanied by her new friend, Isabel.

Comparative Religions Project Essay Essay

The encounters between the Islam and Christian religions were always violent towards each other. Even from the beginning both of these religions used violence and conversion, making them two religions that wouldn’t mix well. Their first encounters were very aggressive, but Islam with more violence toward Christianity and better connection to the political world had always seemed to come out on top. Then ruling over the Christian believers, they would outlaw certain practices of their religion and give them much higher taxes. Thus forcing many true Christians to converse over to the Islam religion just because they couldn’t take it anymore. In the year 1008 al-Hakim outlawed the celebrations of Palm Sunday, and the following year he ordered that Christians be punished and all their property confiscated. In that same year, he demolished multiple Christian churches all around the city. This was not it, al-Hakim also managed to destroy the Constantinian basilica of the Resurrection in Jerusalem, known as the Holy Sepulcher. Records say that he said in quote: â€Å"to obliterate ant symbol of Christian faith, and provide for the removal of every reliquary and object of veneration.† As Christianity began to spread the stronger and more popular it became. With this religion being North America’s number one, Muslims had a harder time keeping in charge. One thing that didn’t change though was the Islam’s need for violence. As Christianity spread they never stopped trying to sabotage their religion. Now technology starts to play a part in their war for religion, Muslims give up their lives using the violence that has not yet gone away. And not only are these conflicts uprising from where they originally came from, as the religions spread so did the conflict with them. Today there still are existing conflicts between Christianity and Islam, but not as much as there were in history. Muslims don’t have much control over Christians as they used to, now after 9/11 we are more controlling them. Muslims are more keeping their distance away from the Christians not only because this Christianity was growing but also because of things like Hollywood and television. This causes Muslims to stay away because they see them as immoral, corrupt and decadent. Muslim women will say they are wearing their veils as a form of protection and a refusal to be caught up in fashion, which they see as a way of using women. The history of these two religions was not accepting, and both felt the need to use violence and conversion against each other. Both Christianity and Islam felt the need to be number one and have power over the other, or even completely wiping the other religion out. As time continued on so did they, still many conflicts arise and choosing violence and war as the way out. New and more advanced technologies came to be an option for more destruction and the Muslims chose to use them against the Christians who fought back then yet another war has started. The Christians who were pushed around in the beginning, aren’t so vulnerable anymore now that they have become the most common religion all over the world.

Behavior Modification Essays

Behavior Modification Essays Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification Essay Applied behavior analysis can be used in all walks of life; its amazing to see how beneficial it can be to enhance someones life such as helping to improve an athletes game to change classroom behaviors. For the two scenarios the rationale for each selected behavioral modification strategy will be explained, discuss behavioral chaining, using of token economies for classrooms, mastering units of behavior, and end by discussing the role of back up reinforcers. Goal: Improving Brendans Serve Brendan is a 17-year-old tennis player that wishes to improve his game. Brendans coach referred him to a sports psychologist to assist him with improving his serve. Achieving his overall goal of serving with the correct speed and accuracy to help him win his matches is the target behavior that needs modification. I must admit before this chapter, I didnt even know that behavior analysis could help improve an athletes game. It is rather fascinating. The sports psychologist decided which behavior modification would best suit Brendans needs by interviewing him, reviewing videotapes of his serve, and considering which strategy would fit him personally for the task he is performing. The result the psychologist chose was the strategy of behavior chaining. An alternative that he could have chosen was shaping reinforcement, but that is found to be time consuming and with Brendans competitive drive, I am sure he wanted results as soon as possible. To help improve Brendans serve, the psychologist would complete what is known as a task analysis of the components of the behavioral sequence or indentify all the different stimulus-response components in the chain. (What is behavioral, 2011). With Brendan, it was determined that each step of his serve be broken down into separate units or steps. The units in this scenario include: the starting position, ball toss, swing of the racket back, acceleration of the racket, contact with the ball, and the final unit consisting of follow-through. There are different behavior chaining methods, for determining which method to use for each individual you must decide which procedure to use to teach the new sequence of behavior. For Brendan, I believe forward chaining, teaching the chain from the beginning to the end are taught so it flows through its naturally occurring order so that he receives training on each step as he proceeds to the next. You could use total-task chaining, being taught all at once when reinforcement depends on completing the entire chain, but with this case it is best to get each step broken down to work on each one individually. A behavior chain is a sequence of certain responses; it can be broken down into smaller steps using task analysis. It involves reinforcing individual responses that occur in a sequence that are linked together to achieve a certain behavior and produce a terminal outcome. After the initial unit has been reinforced, known as the primary reinforcement, then each response in the chain simultaneously serves as a secondary reinforcer for the response that produced it and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain (Cooper, Heron, Howard, 2007). Each step of this chain must be followed in its naturally occurring order for this task. Once each unit of the task has been achieved, then reinforcement has been acquired for that behavior in the sequence and then going on to the next unit until reinforcement has been made for each of the units in the chain. If the targeted skill has been achieved, then the procedure is considered to be effective. Effectiveness and efficiency of teaching can be determined to be critical factors in evaluating chaining procedures. Efficiency is defined as the number of learning trials or time it takes to reach the criterion performance, as well as the number of errors that occur in order to achieve acquisition (Gast, Doyle, Wolery, Ault, 1991). If there is difficulty with mastering an aspect of the behavior chain, the behaviorist should allow for adjustments in the task analysis and allow for more extensive training on certain parts of more difficult units in order to achieve reinforcement to the ultimate goal of mastery. In order to achieve mastery level of unit behavior, you take the individual units in sequence and have demonstrated mastery for the completion for each unit and concrete observable criterion for mastery of each unit. Brendan must continue reinforcement to maintain behavior or his performance may suffer. Token Economy for Ms. Rileys Class For the case of Ms. Riley and her energetic third-grade class, an ABA professional came up with the idea for implementing a token economy system to help with a goal of trying to settle them down enough to learn. A token economy is defined as a system in which individuals can earn tokens for targeted behaviors and once a specified number of tokens have been earned, they can be traded in for an item or activity that is desired. For a classroom that needs a behavior modification program in place, token economies can be used to meet educational and behavioral goals for children. Since no other teacher has been able to accomplish this with class, a reward system with tokens may be a way to focus their attention for meeting their desired behaviors, it clearly seems as it would be the best rationale. Tokens function as a conditioned reinforcer to achieve the target behavior. Token economies are designed using six steps. The first step is to select the tokens that will be used; in this case it is a puzzle piece. The children will have a puzzle on the wall, each day they meet their desired behavior, they earn a puzzle piece to be glued to the puzzle. This way they can clearly see how they are progressing and how far they have to go to earn their prize. The puzzle on the wall can serve as a reminder and reinforcer to behave, which includes; no fighting, remain seated during class, raising hands to answer problems or ask a question, and completing assignments in class. Step two consists of identifying the target behavior and rules. We already know the target behavior is to settle down to be able to learn, so the rules are as follows: there is a ten piece puzzle on the wall, for each, the class will receive a puzzle piece, when the puzzle is complete, the class will have a pizza party and no homework assigned for two weekends in a row. The third step is choosing back up reinforcers. In this case, the children seem very energetic; some backup reinforcers can include an extra long recess, watching a movie, or playing games. Backup reinforcers can help the children to see that they can actually earn rewards for good behavior in addition to waiting to celebrate their party. In this case, in addition to the party prize, if the children go five days in a row obtaining a puzzle piece they will get one of these of the backup reinforcers rewarded. Step four is establishing a ratio of exchange meaning at first, the ratio between the number of tokens and the price of backup items should be small so the learners success is immediate, gradually adjusting the ratio exchange to maintain responsiveness of the children (Cooper, Howard, ; Heron, 2007). Step five is specifying in writing, when and how tokens will be rewarded and what happens if the requirements are not met, basically laying out the rules. We have already established how tokens are earned, but some actions need to be focused on, such as students fighting or acting out, there will be no bonus of the backup reinforcer incentive for that week. Most children like additional recesses or extra incentives and if someone messes that up, they might use peer pressure to stop it from happening again. The last step is conducting a field test before implementation. A few days before starting the token economy, observe the children and tally to see if they would have earned a puzzle piece without actually giving them one and decide if they system is appropriate for the children. Being a parent of three children I know kids like to be rewarded and as a parent we enjoy giving our children treats and rewards for behaving and acting appropriately. They dont have to be anything big, just a little extra perk now and then to thank them for being good and showing our appreciation for behaving. The same principle works for classes, what kid wouldnt behave to receive a pizza party or no homework for a couple weekends? Conclusion Each case used different methods for behavioral modification, I hope that I was able to clearly identify the rationale behind each of the ABA professionals choices, and discuss what they were and how and why they would help each scenario. References Cooper, J. , Heron, T. Howard, W. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd Edition). Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education. Gast, D. , Doyle, P. , Wolery, M. , Ault, M. , (1991). Assessing the acquisition of incidental information by secondary-age students with mental retardation: comparison of response prompting strategies. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 1991;96:63-80. What is behavioral chaining?. (2011). Retrieved from allsands. com/Health/behavioralchain_vyl_gn. htm

Famous Quotations About Dragons

Famous Quotations About Dragons Dragons are among the most fierce and monstrous of creatures in literature and legend. They appear in stories and myths from around the world. People of all ages love these literary monsters. Even when writers arent including real dragons in their stories they reference them for symbolic meaning, usually about people overcoming fantastic odds. Here Are a Few Quotes About Dragons A poet can write about a man slaying a dragon, but not about a man pushing a button that releases a bomb.- W. H. AudenAbove us, outlined against the brilliant sky, dragons crowded every available perching space on the Rim. And the sun made a gold of every one of them.― Anne McCaffrey, Nerilkas StoryBut it is one thing to read about dragons and another to meet them.― Ursula K. Le Guin, A Wizard of EarthseaCome not between the dragon, and his wrath.- William Shakespeare, King LearFairy tales are more than true: not because they tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell us that dragons can be beaten.― Neil Gaiman, CoralineFairy tales do not give the child his first idea of bogey. What fairy tales give the child is his first clear idea of the possible defeat of bogey. The baby has known the dragons intimately ever since he had an imagination. What the fairy tale provides for him is a St. George to kill the dragon.― G.K. Chesterton, Tremendous TriflesH e had only heard of dragons, and although he had never seen one, he was sure they existed.― Dee Marie, Sons of Avalon: Merlins Prophecy He who fights too long against dragons becomes a dragon himself; and if you gaze too long into the abyss, the abyss will gaze into you.- Friedrich NietzscheHere be dragons to be slain, here be rich rewards to gain; / If we perish in the seeking, why, how small a thing is death!― Dorothy L. Sayers, Catholic Tales and Christian SongsHow should we be able to forget those ancient myths that are at the beginning of all peoples, the myths about dragons that at the last moment turn into princesses; perhaps all the dragons of our lives are princesses who are only waiting to see us once beautiful and brave. Perhaps everything terrible is in its deepest being something helpless that wants help from us.― Rainer Maria Rilke, Letters to a Young PoetI believe in everything until its disproved. So I believe in fairies, the myths, dragons. It all exists, even if its in your mind. Whos to say that dreams and nightmares arent as real as the here and now?― John LennonI desired dra gons with a profound desire. Of course, I in my timid body did not wish to have them in the neighborhood. But the world that contained even the imagination of Ffnir was richer and more beautiful, at whatever the cost of peril.― J.R.R. Tolkien I do not care what comes after; I have seen the dragons on the wind of morning.― Ursula K. Le Guin, The Farthest ShoreIf you have ever seen a dragon in a pinch, you will realize that this was only poetical exaggeration applied to any hobbit, even to Old Tooks great-granduncle Bullroarer, who was so huge (for a hobbit) that he could ride a horse. He charged the ranks of the goblins of Mount Gram in the Battle of the Green Fields, and knocked their king Golfibuls head clean off with a wooden club. It sailed a hundred yards through the air and went down a rabbit-hole, and in this way, the battle was won and the game of Golf was invented at the same moment.― J.R.R. Tolkien, The HobbitImagine a land where people are afraid of dragons. It is a reasonable fear: dragons possess a number of qualities that make being afraid of them a very commendable response. Things like their terrible size, their ability to spout fire, or to crack boulders into splinters with their massive talo ns. In fact, the only terrifying quality that dragons do not possess is that of existence.― David Whiteland, Book of Pages Never laugh at live dragons.― J.R.R. TolkienNoble dragons dont have friends. The nearest they can get to the idea is an enemy who is still alive.― Terry Pratchett, Guards! Guards!O to be a dragon, a symbol of the power of Heaven - of silkworm size or immense; at times invisible.- Marianne Moore, O To Be A DragonSleeping on a dragons hoard with greedy, dragonish thoughts in his heart, he had become a dragon himself.― C.S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn TreaderSpeak politely to an enraged dragon.― J.R.R. TolkienThey say dragons never truly die. No matter how many times you kill them.― S.G. Rogers, Jon Hansen and the Dragon Clan of YdenTrue Dragons are among the Universes most perfect beings. This is a useful bit of information. Squirrel it away like a nugget of Fafnirs gold; take it out and burnish it now and then as we proceed.― Shawn MacKenzieYou cant map a sense of humor. Anyway, what is a fantasy map but a space beyond which There Be Dragon s? On the Discworld, we know that There Be Dragons Everywhere. They might not all have scales and forked tongues, but they Be Here all right, grinning and jostling and trying to sell you souvenirs.― Terry Pratchett, The Color of Magic

Read Robert C. Solomon's article It's Good Business on pg. 36 of the Essay

Read Robert C. Solomon's article It's Good Business on pg. 36 of the 11th edtion. Summarize, do you agree or disagree with Solomon's position Why or why not Give examples to support your claim - Essay Example s can work in favor of a business while providing examples of how businesses fail when they don’t work within ethics are all seen as practical, real life situations that determine the success or failure of a business. The first main point that Solomon points out is to define what ethics means within a corporation or small business. He shows that ethics is one that is needed on all levels of management and ownership and which creates a framework of success for individuals. More importantly, there is an establishment of ethics is not based on what it means to keep a job or to be a successful business person, but to instead develop a mindset that is based on how one works within a community. Solomon states that â€Å"Executives are most effective and successful when they retain their ‘real life’ view of themselves, their position, and the human world outside as well as inside the corporation. Business ethics, ultimately, is just business in its large human context† (34). This particular statement is essential as it defines what ethics means in business. Rather than thinking of it as following business policies and doing what one is told in terms of management, is the need to unde rstand the humanistic element as well as how actions will affect others. This particular point is one that is the foundation of ethics and which shows that the definition of ethics needs to be considered outside of the assumptions made by those who analyze different perspectives. An example of this definition can be seen in almost any business. A personal example is seen from a friend who works within a computer organization. The mindset in which this individual has is to please the boss and to make sure that the work is efficient and effective. The managerial staff as well as the main CEO is interested in how this will create profit for the business. Similar to Solomon’s point, this doesn’t show a term of ethical behaviors. This individual may find a problem with the

Radio shack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radio shack - Essay Example Throughout the years, this tactic has facilitated RadioShack to remain at the lead of the swiftly changing consumer electronics marketplace and to stay pertinent to clients in each era. This paper will discuss RadioShack’s development, employee’s protection and its future plans. RadioShack Corporation traces its origins to two distinct and very diverse entrepreneurial enterprises: the Hinckley-Tandy Leather firm, a leather shoe parts’ supplier to shoe-repair shops established in 1919 Fort Worth, Texas; and RadioShack, a merchandizing store as well as a mail-order operation, which was founded in 1921, Boston to meet the radio officers’ needs aboard vessels. RadioShack rapidly grew to incorporate a number of stores within the Northeast, in addition to a prosperous electronics mail-order production. The Hinckley-Tandy Leather firm also thrived, and during 1954, it vended its top leather corporate to enlarge its range of operations. During 1959, the firm short ened its title to Tandy Corporation, as well as during 1963, Tandy Corporation procured RadioShack, exhibiting the firm's onset as a private electronics vender. During 2000, Tandy Corporation became RadioShack Corp., under ticker emblem RSH (â€Å"RadioShack Corporation†). ... Ever since, RadioShack Corporation has developed into a reputable wireless authority, retailing more than seventy three million mobile headsets (â€Å"RadioShack Corporation†). In more current years, RadioShack’s commitment to break novel ground has encompassed launching the first inexpensively priced stereo-receiver with digital-technology, the first portable cellular telephone, which consumers can install themselves as well as the first high-performance cable television system for connection by "do-it-yourselfers." In 2005, RadioShack became a sanctioned Apple Reseller as well as later introduced Skype-certified software and hardware in storerooms for free-voice as well as video-calling over the internet. In 2008, RadioShack launched its electronics-trade-in program, which permits clients to trade expended devices for no cost to attain credit for a new procurement. In 2009, RadioShack concluded an extensive 2-year grass-roots edification campaign with the ALA (America n Library Association) to aid customers in steering the nationwide transformation to digital TV airing in high-definition that earned a special approval from the FCC during 2010. In 2010, RadioShack began the enactment of Target Mobile wireless hubs in Target stores countrywide. In 2011, RadioShack’s Verizon Wireless-the country’s largest wireless carrier, launched its business-leading services and products in storerooms countrywide (â€Å"RadioShack Corporation†). RadioShack values and respects the differences mirrored in its various experiences, backgrounds and ideas. It is devoted to affording a comprehensive work environment, which fosters respect for all employees. RadioShack does not generate employment-related verdicts or victimize against its

Ethanol Alcohol Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethanol Alcohol - Research Paper Example It is not thus converted for supply to the tissues or cells. Only about 20% of the alcohol is directly absorbed into blood via walls of the stomach while the rest directly goes to the bloodstream by way of the small intestine (Dunlap). A very low dose of ethanol alcohol is just as powerful to affect the brain’s memory and make the processing of new information complicated for the hippocampus. â€Å"Somebody who drinks too much, the next day doesnt remember what happened during that time, but yet at the same time has the ability, unfortunately in certain cases, to drive home after drinking a lot† (Gislason 86). Ethanol affects the energy metabolism of carbohydrates which causes the glycogen level inside the muscles and the liver to recess. Ethanol causes loss of structural tissue because it is catabolic in nature. This effect causes an individual to lose more weight than what he/she may gain from the in-take of calories. This is one of the most fundamental effects sought by the consumers of ethanol alcohol. The fat rather moves over to the trunk and belly leaving the individual with a weaker and skinnier appearance. As a result of the accumulation of estrogen inside the body, men may experience an enlargement of breasts. The degeneration of body destroys their personality and turns a macho man into an irritated person. Consumption of ethanol alcohol can also cause many diseases to occur. Up to 80 percent of alcoholics, however, have a deficiency in thiamine (15), and some of these people will go on to develop serious brain disorders such as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) (16). WKS is a disease that consists of two separate syndromes, a short–lived and severe condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy and a long–lasting and debilitating condition known as Korsakoff’s psychosis. (NIAAA). Occasionally ethanol alcohol may be employed for

Technology And Agricultural Development

Technology And Agricultural Development The poverty in the developing countries can be reducing through a proper agricultural technology. The proper agricultural technology is not only the machines but also biotechnology and other modern knowledge that are applicable to increase the agricultural productivity so as to reduce the poverty and starvation; so that the assumption that agricultural technology automatically reduces poverty; antipoverty impacts have often been developed mostly for their adopters and focused exclusively on them. (Omilola 2009). On the other hand, (Kate Schneider and Gugerty 2011) clearly enlightens that there are Evidence suggests that there are multiple pathways through which increases in agricultural productivity can reduce poverty, including real income changes, employment generation, rural non-farm multiplier effects, and food prices effects. but the lack of proper investment in the agricultural sector may hinder og getting the seed, fertilizer technology and other necessary infrastructures such as the roads, for the food transport, therefore it is barriers to technology adoption, initial asset endowments, and constraints to market access may all inhibit the ability of the poorest to participate in the gains from agricultural productivity growths (Kate Schneider and Gugerty 2011). Most under-developing countries particularly, in those African continent, their land is very fertile and can produce enough food for their population and the rest of the others but there has been both financial and border barrier that hinders most African countries not acquire the technology they need according to the new World Bank report explains that the Africas farmers can potentially grow enough food to feed the continent and avert future food crisis if the countries removes cross border restrictions on food trade with the regions(Bank 2012). On the other hand the developing countries cannot cope with their traditional knowledge this current climate changes while most of them struggling to maintain security issues as they are fighting among themselves. Therefore the developing countries need the means to sustain their food production through new innovative and technology support from the developed world; so that they can transfer their conventional knowledge and practices with more advanced technology of agricultural industry to them. Such new advanced agricultural technology; most of the developing countries particularly African countries can reduce their food aid dependency as well poverty significantly because such agricultural technology can positive enhance the agricultural production because the Sustainable intensification of smallholder production will require a shift to knowledge-intensive agriculture that combines local knowledge and the latest sustainability science to adapt practices to local ecosystems and increase resilience to climate change, price and other shocks. Poor farmers, often women, usually cultivate in more extreme environments in addition to being less connected to markets(UN 2011) The lack of the agricultural technology in the developing countries, the food production cannot be sustainable, because the growing number of population and less food production will cause huger, vast starvation among the poor communities, as they remain food dependency, therefore this is cannot be overcome unless the under-developing countries have enough financial support for reaching the advanced agricultural technology; so they can sustain their agricultural production and relief their food aid dependency. On the other hand, active and proper agricultural in the under-developing countries contributes the local labor market and supplies the food within the communities, as this further increases the economic growth through production and consumption linkages.(Dethier and Effenberger 2012) Food and agricultural production sustainability demands an effective intervention both in financial and proper planning in the areas of technology transfer and capacity building, therefore It also requires a radical change in existing policies a change that would result in a strengthening of currently fragmented systems of innovation, a redesign of the education system, and investment on agricultural development throughout the whole supply chain and in sustainable resource management through innovative partnerships with farmers (UN 2011) Similarly these agricultural (farms) locates demands to have proper infrastructure that can enhance the food production marketing, while the government encourages the local production such promotion gives hope that the farmers to produce more. Beside that the agriculture is not focusing the farmers but includes growing crops, rearing livestock, producing fish and maintaining forests in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation (UN 2011) in order to supply the demanding food in the developing countries particularly the African continent . Agricultural Technology The Green Revolution is very much a product of technological innovation in the international public domain where Western and Third World governments, public supported non-profit national and international agricultural research institutions, universities, multilateral aid agencies, and Western charitable organizations collectively worked together to increase agricultural productivity.(Parayil 2003). Therefore the historic agricultural development that has been achieved for the last two centuries were discussed many different agricultural books. The most important we can recall here is that the traditional or the shifting cultivation system into rotational fallow toward permanent cultivation; Green Revolution, Gene Technology. Where in the shifting cultivation was important to the rotational fallow that maintains the soil qualities and fertilities, while it preserves the environment and helps to control the weeds, and other diseases while Many of the studies on the effects of agricultural technology on poverty tend to show that there are strong complementarities between physical infrastructure and human capital (see, for instance, Biswanger et al. 1993; Canning and Bennathan 2000; Datt and Ravallion 1997, 1998). (Cited in Omilola 2009). There has been clear indication links that agricultural development reduces the poverty, such literatures that Babatunde Omilola discussed this quote of (Mellor 1976.; Mellor 2001) by arguing that the predominant literatures on the poverty linkage effects of agricultural growth during the 1970s tend to show that technical change in agriculture leads to more production, which in turn leads to increased incomes for households with land The latter are believed to use most of the incomes they make from agricultural production in purchasing labor-intensive goods and services, thereby leading to second- and third-round effects of providing food security and more employment opportunities for the poor (Omilola 2009). Nevertheless, the agricultural technology is an integral part to develop agricultural sector particularly in the under-developing country, where there has been major food insecurity happens constantly; while the developed countries had achieved a tremendous agricultural and food production through agricultural technology; such agricultural technology are included the modern agricultural machinery, fertilizer and knowledge. Agriculture is an important sector in the developing countries makes agricultural growth an important instrument for decreasing poverty. (Dethier and Effenberger 2012) Importance of the agricultural technology The inadequacy of explicit agricultural technology-poverty linkages for several decades has not only complicated efforts to understand the relationship between agricultural technology and poverty reduction and to design ways to make agricultural technology more effective in lifting poor people out of poverty (Omilola 2009). Importance of the agricultural technology has been felt wisely during the 1960s when the green revolution comes to in use. The Agricultural technology was an exceptionally important determinant of farmings contribution to rural development. As the discussions of agricultural technology policy frequently revolve around an extension of the green revolution model (Tripp 2001). It has been noted the importance of the technology transfer to adopt to the under developing countries to sustain their food production accordingly; this transfer is aim to develop the knowledge and research capacity, such agricultural technology is important for under developing countries (Parayil 2003); while the, agricultural technology is mean to reduce current poverty in the developing countries, it can positively effects on both the agricultural output, while it increases the level of rural employment, and secures the food and food prices, and the overall socio economic welfare.(Omilola 2009). Potentially lower food prices increase the purchasing power of poor consumers. The magnitude of these effects for poverty reduction depends on the specific circumstances of an economy. For example, if technological progress in the agricultural sector is labor-saving, farm employment might not necessarily increase. (Cited in Dethier and Effenberger 2012) Agricultural technology may reduces the widely the existing and prolonged poverty in under developed countries thorough direct effects on output levels, employment, food security, food price, income and overall socioeconomic welfare; The type of technology adopted tends to be responsible for the type of poverty-reducing impacts that can be expected from agricultural technology (Cited in Omilola 2009); The agricultural technology will certain and positively increase the agricultural food production, while it maximize the food production yields; and we claims that with the evidence that the north or the developed countries reached through the agricultural and food sustainability through agro-technology and is therefore agricultural technology answers the constant and wide hunger; starvation caused both the man made and the nature, such as the climate change.(Dethier and Effenberger 2012). Most the donor countries felt the responsibility about the hunger and lack proper agricultural investment in the development countries and pledged sums for investing in the agriculture for instance the G8 countries promised $22 billion during their meeting in Aquila, Italy in 2009. (Dethier and Effenberger 2012). Kind of Agricultural technology The green Revolution The Green Revolution is dated by in the mid of the 20th century, when Norman Borlaug invented the high yielding dwarf wheat in Mexico at what is known as the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center or CIMMYT,(Parayil 2003). The myth of the green revolution was to relief the imminent hunger due to the increasing population in the world, and Green Revolution provides the capacity to cope with and produce enough food supplies through genetic food engineering and chemicals; furthermore the most literature reviewed, shows that the intention of the invention of Green Revolution during the 1940-60th was very promised to end the hunger through the miracle seeds; the miracle seeds In contrast to the original green revolution strategy of providing widely adapted varieties that could be planted in a range of environments, many of these new varieties will have characteristics that address specific conditions (e.g. pest or disease resistance), environments (e.g. acid soils), or markets (e.g. high nutrient varieties).(Tripp 2001). Not only that but also the Green Revolution was responsible for a significant increase in crop production, contributed to rural employment, and lowered food prices (Cited in Tripp 2001). On the other hand the GE had used excessive fertilizer and irrigation; which made the possibility of the mass production such as the grain and rice which have resistance to disease etc. Positive and negative impact of green revolution The Positives side of the green revolution is very wide, that are includes the increasing food production and sustainability of yielding in local farmers. Accordingly over the last four decades, it is evident that chemical applications have revolutionized agricultures. On the positive side, the fertilizers and pesticides have increase crop production and the amount of organic matter returned to the soil. However, the soil and water contamination is very high in many place with increased agricultural intensification(Ademola K Braimoh and Vlek 2008). On the other hand, in the positive perspective side of the GR have mentioned in numbers of other relevant studies, which have pointed out that the Indian agricultural production had increased; as the agriculture has made great substantial gain in highly yielding variety, these studies have been measured through index of total factor production, TFP. The measurements of agriculture production have shown that the gains in productivity had co ntributed about 1.1 per cent per annum since 1956. The TFP and conventional inputs contribute roughly 2.3 per cent growth rate per annum in total crop output (Cited in Praduman Kumar and Mittal 2006). In addition to that the betterment of land usages through the multi cropping pattern, made that enough food is produced during the harvesting season; at the same time. According to (Evenson and Gollin 2003) clearly explains that The Green Revolution has also facilitated significant expansion of irrigation and multiple cropping in many countries, thereby adding to the total acreage of these crops. Due to fact that the GR has enabled many developing countries to achieve impressive rates of growth in national food grain production since the mid-1960s.(Evenson and Gollin 2003); On the other hand, the GR has caused and sets very widely alarm depletion both in soil and water conservation system. In spite of the fact that these positive agricultural contributions from the GR have shown in the mass agricultural production that can help many poor nations to come over and control their inefficiency of agricultural sector; but negativity of the chemicals, pesticides goes along which affects both human and the environment negatively. Since this ecological problem was not taken into consideration in the first time; but everyone was looking for to sustain food production and the negativity of environmental problem needs to be considered and studies with the best to retain the soil degradation because the Farming in areas of fragile soils, poor management of crop, soil and water interaction, and unsustainable exploitation of soil nutrients are some of the major causes of land degradation.(Cited in Hazell and Wood 2008). Owing to that fact, to have a productive land that can cope, the need of the growing population in the world, particularly the under-developing countries, requires a friendly ecosystem GR that the chemical, pesticides and cannot harm further, so that current people should not be those pushing the environmental degradation to its last stages of thresholds that cannot restored both through nature and human conservation. Conclusion Due to lack of economic viability for the developing countries, particularly those in Africa who cannot invest properly their agricultural sector; will continue to be food dependency during the harsh and difficulty time, as nowadays the climate changes and prolonged conflicts has deeply affecting those sub-Saharan countries. Accordingly the African leaders acknowledged about the economical dependency as they have argued that the view with disquiet the overdependence of the economy of our continentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This phenomenon has made African economies highly susceptible to the external development and with detrimental effects on the interests of our continent(Cited in Nana 2008). Hence most under-developing countries particularly, in the African continent their land is very fertile and can produce enough food for their population and the rest of the others but there has been both financial and border barrier that hinders most African countries not acquire the technology they need according to the new World Bank report explains that the Africas farmers can potentially grow enough food to feed the continent and avert future food crisis if the countries removes cross border restrictions on food trade with the regions(Bank 2012). Not only has that but the history of lack of African development perspectives touched upon many aspects that are included the industrial, social economic and education and reasoned is by the inequality of both economic and political power with the predominantly what the white man calls tribal an racial dimension (Nana 2008)